Hyperpigmentation is abnormally increased pigmentation of the skin. The cells responsible for this are found in the basal layer and are called melanocytes. These are the cells that manufacture the pigment of the skin and are involved in tanning. They do this by producing a chemical compound called melanin. In the beginning the melanocytes look similar to other cells, flat with a dark spot in the center, but as the melanocytes mature they develop hollow arms with extenders that project from the sides. These extensions reach out to neighboring cells and provide them with melanin, which results in coloration of the skin.
Hyperpigmentation may occur as a result of the following factors: chronic inflammation or injury, hormonal disturbances from oral contraceptives or pregnancy, psoriasis, and tinea versicolor. Hyperpigmentation may also occur from using perfumed cosmetics in the sun, because the chemicals they contain can cause photosensitivity. Changes in skin pigment are significantly more common in persons of medium skin pigment (Asians, Hispanics, light-skinned blacks).
Medical Treatment: Hyperpigmentation may be treated with Retin-A and bleaching creams that contain hydroquinone. There are many treatments for tinea versicolor (hyperpigmentation), including sodium thiosulfate, selenium sulfide, dandruff shampoos, zinc pyrithione, topical antifungal creams, and oral ketoconazole.
Cosmetic Treatment: Cover creams will successfully mask the uneven pattern of dark blotches caused by hyperpigmentation. Recommend that the patient use either theatrical makeup or opaque cover cream that matches his or her skin tone. If the cosmetic solution bleeds through it could alter the color of the camouflage makeup. To avoid this either use a thicker application or apply a thinner coat first and set it with powder, then re-apply a second coat. Remind the patient when he or she is concealing hyperpigmentation to pay special attention to the darker borders; it may be necessary to go back over them to make sure the spots are completely concealed.
| Zaneta's Kulaga editor of Teeth Whitening Guide, Anti Aging Guide and Anthelios Sunscreen |
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